Contract

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.4.0) (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)

pragma solidity >=0.4.16;

/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {UpgradeableBeacon} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Storage of the initializable contract.
     *
     * It's implemented on a custom ERC-7201 namespace to reduce the risk of storage collisions
     * when using with upgradeable contracts.
     *
     * @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Initializable
     */
    struct InitializableStorage {
        /**
         * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
         */
        uint64 _initialized;
        /**
         * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
         */
        bool _initializing;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Initializable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE = 0xf0c57e16840df040f15088dc2f81fe391c3923bec73e23a9662efc9c229c6a00;

    /**
     * @dev The contract is already initialized.
     */
    error InvalidInitialization();

    /**
     * @dev The contract is not initializing.
     */
    error NotInitializing();

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint64 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that in the context of a constructor an `initializer` may be invoked any
     * number of times. This behavior in the constructor can be useful during testing and is not expected to be used in
     * production.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
        InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();

        // Cache values to avoid duplicated sloads
        bool isTopLevelCall = !$._initializing;
        uint64 initialized = $._initialized;

        // Allowed calls:
        // - initialSetup: the contract is not in the initializing state and no previous version was
        //                 initialized
        // - construction: the contract is initialized at version 1 (no reinitialization) and the
        //                 current contract is just being deployed
        bool initialSetup = initialized == 0 && isTopLevelCall;
        bool construction = initialized == 1 && address(this).code.length == 0;

        if (!initialSetup && !construction) {
            revert InvalidInitialization();
        }
        $._initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            $._initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            $._initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: Setting the version to 2**64 - 1 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint64 version) {
        // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
        InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();

        if ($._initializing || $._initialized >= version) {
            revert InvalidInitialization();
        }
        $._initialized = version;
        $._initializing = true;
        _;
        $._initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        _checkInitializing();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the contract is not in an initializing state. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _checkInitializing() internal view virtual {
        if (!_isInitializing()) {
            revert NotInitializing();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
        InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();

        if ($._initializing) {
            revert InvalidInitialization();
        }
        if ($._initialized != type(uint64).max) {
            $._initialized = type(uint64).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint64).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint64) {
        return _getInitializableStorage()._initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _getInitializableStorage()._initializing;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pointer to storage slot. Allows integrators to override it with a custom storage location.
     *
     * NOTE: Consider following the ERC-7201 formula to derive storage locations.
     */
    function _initializableStorageSlot() internal pure virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a pointer to the storage namespace.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
    function _getInitializableStorage() private pure returns (InitializableStorage storage $) {
        bytes32 slot = _initializableStorageSlot();
        assembly {
            $.slot := slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.5.0) (proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.22;

import {IERC1822Proxiable} from "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
import {ERC1967Utils} from "../ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol";

/**
 * @dev An upgradeability mechanism designed for UUPS proxies. The functions included here can perform an upgrade of an
 * {ERC1967Proxy}, when this contract is set as the implementation behind such a proxy.
 *
 * A security mechanism ensures that an upgrade does not turn off upgradeability accidentally, although this risk is
 * reinstated if the upgrade retains upgradeability but removes the security mechanism, e.g. by replacing
 * `UUPSUpgradeable` with a custom implementation of upgrades.
 *
 * The {_authorizeUpgrade} function must be overridden to include access restriction to the upgrade mechanism.
 *
 * @custom:stateless
 */
abstract contract UUPSUpgradeable is IERC1822Proxiable {
    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable
    address private immutable __self = address(this);

    /**
     * @dev The version of the upgrade interface of the contract. If this getter is missing, both `upgradeTo(address)`
     * and `upgradeToAndCall(address,bytes)` are present, and `upgradeTo` must be used if no function should be called,
     * while `upgradeToAndCall` will invoke the `receive` function if the second argument is the empty byte string.
     * If the getter returns `"5.0.0"`, only `upgradeToAndCall(address,bytes)` is present, and the second argument must
     * be the empty byte string if no function should be called, making it impossible to invoke the `receive` function
     * during an upgrade.
     */
    string public constant UPGRADE_INTERFACE_VERSION = "5.0.0";

    /**
     * @dev The call is from an unauthorized context.
     */
    error UUPSUnauthorizedCallContext();

    /**
     * @dev The storage `slot` is unsupported as a UUID.
     */
    error UUPSUnsupportedProxiableUUID(bytes32 slot);

    /**
     * @dev Check that the execution is being performed through a delegatecall call and that the execution context is
     * a proxy contract with an implementation (as defined in ERC-1967) pointing to self. This should only be the case
     * for UUPS and transparent proxies that are using the current contract as their implementation. Execution of a
     * function through ERC-1167 minimal proxies (clones) would not normally pass this test, but is not guaranteed to
     * fail.
     */
    modifier onlyProxy() {
        _checkProxy();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Check that the execution is not being performed through a delegate call. This allows a function to be
     * callable on the implementing contract but not through proxies.
     */
    modifier notDelegated() {
        _checkNotDelegated();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Implementation of the ERC-1822 {proxiableUUID} function. This returns the storage slot used by the
     * implementation. It is used to validate the implementation's compatibility when performing an upgrade.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy. This is guaranteed by the `notDelegated` modifier.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view notDelegated returns (bytes32) {
        return ERC1967Utils.IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`, and subsequently execute the function call
     * encoded in `data`.
     *
     * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     *
     * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow-reachable delegatecall
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) public payable virtual onlyProxy {
        _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
        _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the execution is not performed via delegatecall or the execution
     * context is not of a proxy with an ERC-1967 compliant implementation pointing to self.
     */
    function _checkProxy() internal view virtual {
        if (
            address(this) == __self || // Must be called through delegatecall
            ERC1967Utils.getImplementation() != __self // Must be called through an active proxy
        ) {
            revert UUPSUnauthorizedCallContext();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the execution is performed via delegatecall.
     * See {notDelegated}.
     */
    function _checkNotDelegated() internal view virtual {
        if (address(this) != __self) {
            // Must not be called through delegatecall
            revert UUPSUnauthorizedCallContext();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function that should revert when `msg.sender` is not authorized to upgrade the contract. Called by
     * {upgradeToAndCall}.
     *
     * Normally, this function will use an xref:access.adoc[access control] modifier such as {Ownable-onlyOwner}.
     *
     * ```solidity
     * function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal onlyOwner {}
     * ```
     */
    function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal virtual;

    /**
     * @dev Performs an implementation upgrade with a security check for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * As a security check, {proxiableUUID} is invoked in the new implementation, and the return value
     * is expected to be the implementation slot in ERC-1967.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) private {
        try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
            if (slot != ERC1967Utils.IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT) {
                revert UUPSUnsupportedProxiableUUID(slot);
            }
            ERC1967Utils.upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data);
        } catch {
            // The implementation is not UUPS
            revert ERC1967Utils.ERC1967InvalidImplementation(newImplementation);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.5.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Errors} from "./Errors.sol";
import {LowLevelCall} from "./LowLevelCall.sol";

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
     */
    error AddressEmptyCode(address target);

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        if (address(this).balance < amount) {
            revert Errors.InsufficientBalance(address(this).balance, amount);
        }
        if (LowLevelCall.callNoReturn(recipient, amount, "")) {
            // call successful, nothing to do
            return;
        } else if (LowLevelCall.returnDataSize() > 0) {
            LowLevelCall.bubbleRevert();
        } else {
            revert Errors.FailedCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
     * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
     * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
     * {Errors.FailedCall} error.
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        if (address(this).balance < value) {
            revert Errors.InsufficientBalance(address(this).balance, value);
        }
        bool success = LowLevelCall.callNoReturn(target, value, data);
        if (success && (LowLevelCall.returnDataSize() > 0 || target.code.length > 0)) {
            return LowLevelCall.returnData();
        } else if (success) {
            revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
        } else if (LowLevelCall.returnDataSize() > 0) {
            LowLevelCall.bubbleRevert();
        } else {
            revert Errors.FailedCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        bool success = LowLevelCall.staticcallNoReturn(target, data);
        if (success && (LowLevelCall.returnDataSize() > 0 || target.code.length > 0)) {
            return LowLevelCall.returnData();
        } else if (success) {
            revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
        } else if (LowLevelCall.returnDataSize() > 0) {
            LowLevelCall.bubbleRevert();
        } else {
            revert Errors.FailedCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        bool success = LowLevelCall.delegatecallNoReturn(target, data);
        if (success && (LowLevelCall.returnDataSize() > 0 || target.code.length > 0)) {
            return LowLevelCall.returnData();
        } else if (success) {
            revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
        } else if (LowLevelCall.returnDataSize() > 0) {
            LowLevelCall.bubbleRevert();
        } else {
            revert Errors.FailedCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
     * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {Errors.FailedCall}) in case
     * of an unsuccessful call.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is DEPRECATED and may be removed in the next major release.
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
        // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
        if (success && (returndata.length > 0 || target.code.length > 0)) {
            return returndata;
        } else if (success) {
            revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
        } else if (returndata.length > 0) {
            LowLevelCall.bubbleRevert(returndata);
        } else {
            revert Errors.FailedCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or with a default {Errors.FailedCall} error.
     */
    function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else if (returndata.length > 0) {
            LowLevelCall.bubbleRevert(returndata);
        } else {
            revert Errors.FailedCall();
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/Errors.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Collection of common custom errors used in multiple contracts
 *
 * IMPORTANT: Backwards compatibility is not guaranteed in future versions of the library.
 * It is recommended to avoid relying on the error API for critical functionality.
 *
 * _Available since v5.1._
 */
library Errors {
    /**
     * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
     */
    error InsufficientBalance(uint256 balance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
     */
    error FailedCall();

    /**
     * @dev The deployment failed.
     */
    error FailedDeployment();

    /**
     * @dev A necessary precompile is missing.
     */
    error MissingPrecompile(address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (access/Ownable2Step.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {OwnableUpgradeable} from "./OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * This extension of the {Ownable} contract includes a two-step mechanism to transfer
 * ownership, where the new owner must call {acceptOwnership} in order to replace the
 * old one. This can help prevent common mistakes, such as transfers of ownership to
 * incorrect accounts, or to contracts that are unable to interact with the
 * permission system.
 *
 * The initial owner is specified at deployment time in the constructor for `Ownable`. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership} and {acceptOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available all functions
 * from parent (Ownable).
 */
abstract contract Ownable2StepUpgradeable is Initializable, OwnableUpgradeable {
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Ownable2Step
    struct Ownable2StepStorage {
        address _pendingOwner;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Ownable2Step")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant Ownable2StepStorageLocation = 0x237e158222e3e6968b72b9db0d8043aacf074ad9f650f0d1606b4d82ee432c00;

    function _getOwnable2StepStorage() private pure returns (Ownable2StepStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := Ownable2StepStorageLocation
        }
    }

    event OwnershipTransferStarted(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    function __Ownable2Step_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Ownable2Step_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the pending owner.
     */
    function pendingOwner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        Ownable2StepStorage storage $ = _getOwnable2StepStorage();
        return $._pendingOwner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Starts the ownership transfer of the contract to a new account. Replaces the pending transfer if there is one.
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * Setting `newOwner` to the zero address is allowed; this can be used to cancel an initiated ownership transfer.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual override onlyOwner {
        Ownable2StepStorage storage $ = _getOwnable2StepStorage();
        $._pendingOwner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferStarted(owner(), newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`) and deletes any pending owner.
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual override {
        Ownable2StepStorage storage $ = _getOwnable2StepStorage();
        delete $._pendingOwner;
        super._transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The new owner accepts the ownership transfer.
     */
    function acceptOwnership() public virtual {
        address sender = _msgSender();
        if (pendingOwner() != sender) {
            revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(sender);
        }
        _transferOwnership(sender);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * The initial owner is set to the address provided by the deployer. This can
 * later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Ownable
    struct OwnableStorage {
        address _owner;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Ownable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant OwnableStorageLocation = 0x9016d09d72d40fdae2fd8ceac6b6234c7706214fd39c1cd1e609a0528c199300;

    function _getOwnableStorage() private pure returns (OwnableStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := OwnableStorageLocation
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
     */
    error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account);

    /**
     * @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address(0)`)
     */
    error OwnableInvalidOwner(address owner);

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the address provided by the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init(address initialOwner) internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained(initialOwner);
    }

    function __Ownable_init_unchained(address initialOwner) internal onlyInitializing {
        if (initialOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        OwnableStorage storage $ = _getOwnableStorage();
        return $._owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        if (owner() != _msgSender()) {
            revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        if (newOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        OwnableStorage storage $ = _getOwnableStorage();
        address oldOwner = $._owner;
        $._owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Initializable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.22;

import {UUPSUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Initializable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.4.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)

pragma solidity >=0.4.11;

/**
 * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
 */
interface IERC1967 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.4.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)

pragma solidity >=0.4.16;

/**
 * @dev ERC-1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822Proxiable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.6.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.21;

import {IBeacon} from "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
import {IERC1967} from "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
import {Address} from "../../utils/Address.sol";
import {StorageSlot} from "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";

/**
 * @dev This library provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[ERC-1967] slots.
 */
library ERC1967Utils {
    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
    bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @dev The `implementation` of the proxy is invalid.
     */
    error ERC1967InvalidImplementation(address implementation);

    /**
     * @dev The `admin` of the proxy is invalid.
     */
    error ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address admin);

    /**
     * @dev The `beacon` of the proxy is invalid.
     */
    error ERC1967InvalidBeacon(address beacon);

    /**
     * @dev An upgrade function sees `msg.value > 0` that may be lost.
     */
    error ERC1967NonPayable();

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the ERC-1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        if (newImplementation.code.length == 0) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(newImplementation);
        }
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs implementation upgrade with additional setup call if data is nonempty.
     * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
     * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-Upgraded} event.
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit IERC1967.Upgraded(newImplementation);

        if (data.length > 0) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        } else {
            _checkNonPayable();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
    bytes32 internal constant ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by ERC-1967) using
     * the https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
     */
    function getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the ERC-1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        if (newAdmin == address(0)) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address(0));
        }
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit IERC1967.AdminChanged(getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.beacon" subtracted by 1.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
    bytes32 internal constant BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the ERC-1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        if (newBeacon.code.length == 0) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidBeacon(newBeacon);
        }

        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;

        address beaconImplementation = IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation();
        if (beaconImplementation.code.length == 0) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(beaconImplementation);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Change the beacon and trigger a setup call if data is nonempty.
     * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
     * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-BeaconUpgraded} event.
     *
     * CAUTION: Invoking this function has no effect on an instance of {BeaconProxy} since v5, since
     * it uses an immutable beacon without looking at the value of the ERC-1967 beacon slot for
     * efficiency.
     */
    function upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit IERC1967.BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);

        if (data.length > 0) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        } else {
            _checkNonPayable();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if `msg.value` is not zero. It can be used to avoid `msg.value` stuck in the contract
     * if an upgrade doesn't perform an initialization call.
     */
    function _checkNonPayable() private {
        if (msg.value > 0) {
            revert ERC1967NonPayable();
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.6.0) (utils/LowLevelCall.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Library of low level call functions that implement different calling strategies to deal with the return data.
 *
 * WARNING: Using this library requires an advanced understanding of Solidity and how the EVM works. It is recommended
 * to use the {Address} library instead.
 */
library LowLevelCall {
    /// @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call` and ignoring the return data.
    function callNoReturn(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bool success) {
        return callNoReturn(target, 0, data);
    }

    /// @dev Same as {callNoReturn-address-bytes}, but allows specifying the value to be sent in the call.
    function callNoReturn(address target, uint256 value, bytes memory data) internal returns (bool success) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            success := call(gas(), target, value, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0x00, 0x00)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call` and returns the first 64 bytes of the result
    /// in the scratch space of memory. Useful for functions that return a tuple with two single-word values.
    ///
    /// WARNING: Do not assume that the results are zero if `success` is false. Memory can be already allocated
    /// and this function doesn't zero it out.
    function callReturn64Bytes(
        address target,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal returns (bool success, bytes32 result1, bytes32 result2) {
        return callReturn64Bytes(target, 0, data);
    }

    /// @dev Same as {callReturn64Bytes-address-bytes}, but allows specifying the value to be sent in the call.
    function callReturn64Bytes(
        address target,
        uint256 value,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal returns (bool success, bytes32 result1, bytes32 result2) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            success := call(gas(), target, value, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0x00, 0x40)
            result1 := mload(0x00)
            result2 := mload(0x20)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `staticcall` and ignoring the return data.
    function staticcallNoReturn(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bool success) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            success := staticcall(gas(), target, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0x00, 0x00)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `staticcall` and returns the first 64 bytes of the result
    /// in the scratch space of memory. Useful for functions that return a tuple with two single-word values.
    ///
    /// WARNING: Do not assume that the results are zero if `success` is false. Memory can be already allocated
    /// and this function doesn't zero it out.
    function staticcallReturn64Bytes(
        address target,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal view returns (bool success, bytes32 result1, bytes32 result2) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            success := staticcall(gas(), target, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0x00, 0x40)
            result1 := mload(0x00)
            result2 := mload(0x20)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `delegatecall` and ignoring the return data.
    function delegatecallNoReturn(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bool success) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            success := delegatecall(gas(), target, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0x00, 0x00)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `delegatecall` and returns the first 64 bytes of the result
    /// in the scratch space of memory. Useful for functions that return a tuple with two single-word values.
    ///
    /// WARNING: Do not assume that the results are zero if `success` is false. Memory can be already allocated
    /// and this function doesn't zero it out.
    function delegatecallReturn64Bytes(
        address target,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal returns (bool success, bytes32 result1, bytes32 result2) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            success := delegatecall(gas(), target, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0x00, 0x40)
            result1 := mload(0x00)
            result2 := mload(0x20)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the size of the return data buffer.
    function returnDataSize() internal pure returns (uint256 size) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            size := returndatasize()
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns a buffer containing the return data from the last call.
    function returnData() internal pure returns (bytes memory result) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            result := mload(0x40)
            mstore(result, returndatasize())
            returndatacopy(add(result, 0x20), 0x00, returndatasize())
            mstore(0x40, add(result, add(0x20, returndatasize())))
        }
    }

    /// @dev Revert with the return data from the last call.
    function bubbleRevert() internal pure {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let fmp := mload(0x40)
            returndatacopy(fmp, 0x00, returndatasize())
            revert(fmp, returndatasize())
        }
    }

    function bubbleRevert(bytes memory returndata) internal pure {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            revert(add(returndata, 0x20), mload(returndata))
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC-1967 implementation slot:
 * ```solidity
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     // Define the slot. Alternatively, use the SlotDerivation library to derive the slot.
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(newImplementation.code.length > 0);
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: Consider using this library along with {SlotDerivation}.
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    struct Int256Slot {
        int256 value;
    }

    struct StringSlot {
        string value;
    }

    struct BytesSlot {
        bytes value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `Int256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getInt256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Int256Slot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity 0.8.30;

import {Initializable} from '@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol';
import {IControllable} from 'interfaces/IControllable.sol';

/**
 * @title Controllable
 * @notice The Controller binding, whole: the storage that holds it, the
 * modifier every Controller-gated write wears, the one-shot seam that binds
 * it, and the view that names it. An inheriting contract adds no Controller
 * code of its own.
 * @dev Controller is the protocol's term for the CassandraCore as the ledgers
 * see it: bound once at initialization, changed by no function, the only
 * address whose writes are accepted. A later generation is a new contract,
 * never a rebinding. The module holds no interface dependency on the
 * Controller and never calls it, so an inheriting contract's reads survive a
 * bricked Controller.
 *
 * Storage lives in an ERC-7201 namespace rather than in ordinary slots, so the
 * module occupies none of the inheriting contract's layout and a field
 * appended here can never shift it. That matters because every contract
 * inheriting this module sits behind a UUPS proxy — and because the upgrade
 * validator diffs a shared module against itself, so a change inside it moves
 * both sides of the diff at once and passes silently.
 *
 * List this module after the ownable module in an inheriting contract's base
 * list. The upgrade validator expects parent initializers to be called
 * most-base-first, and every inheriting initializer calls the ownable
 * initializer before the Controller seam; listed first, this module would
 * linearize as more base and the validator would report the calls out of
 * order. The inheriting contract initializes the OpenZeppelin modules itself,
 * which is why nothing here calls their initializers.
 */
abstract contract Controllable is IControllable, Initializable {
  /**
   * @notice The module's storage, held in its own namespace.
   * @param controller The bound Controller; the only address allowed to write.
   * @custom:storage-location erc7201:cassandra.storage.Controllable
   */
  struct ControllableStorage {
    address controller;
  }

  /// @notice The namespace slot, as
  /// keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256('cassandra.storage.Controllable')) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
  bytes32 private constant _CONTROLLABLE_STORAGE = 0x702925063108402bfeebb034a228bee8d0b6c5f9bf32b5d36c2bde36fd703400;

  /**
   * @notice Restricts the caller to the bound Controller.
   */
  modifier onlyController() {
    if (msg.sender != _controllableStorage().controller) revert Controllable_NotController();
    _;
  }

  /// @inheritdoc IControllable
  function CONTROLLER() external view returns (address _controller) {
    return _controllableStorage().controller;
  }

  /**
   * @notice Binds the Controller, once, from the inheriting contract's
   * initializer.
   * @dev Rejects zero here rather than trusting the caller to: the module owns
   * its own invariant, and a zero Controller would leave every gated write
   * unreachable with no way back. It must not initialize any other module —
   * the inheriting contract does that, and a second call is the upgrade
   * validator's duplicate-initializer-call finding.
   *
   * **Zero is the only rejected value, and that is load-bearing.** The deploy
   * script computes the CassandraCore proxy's address before creating it and
   * binds every ledger to that address first, so the Controller recorded here
   * routinely holds no code at the moment it is recorded. A check that the
   * Controller is a contract would look like reasonable hardening and would
   * break the deploy order outright.
   * @param _controller The Controller allowed to write; rejected when zero.
   */
  function _initializeControllable(address _controller) internal onlyInitializing {
    if (_controller == address(0)) revert Controllable_ZeroController();
    _controllableStorage().controller = _controller;
  }

  /**
   * @notice Points a storage reference at the module's namespace.
   * @return _store The module's storage.
   */
  function _controllableStorage() private pure returns (ControllableStorage storage _store) {
    assembly {
      _store.slot := _CONTROLLABLE_STORAGE
    }
  }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity 0.8.30;

import {Ownable2StepUpgradeable} from '@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/Ownable2StepUpgradeable.sol';
import {UUPSUpgradeable} from '@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol';

/**
 * @title OwnerUpgradeable
 * @notice A UUPS implementation whose owner is its upgrade authority and
 * whose implementation contract is locked against direct use. An inheriting
 * contract adds no upgrade code of its own.
 * @dev Two members, shared by the three ledger proxies so that what an
 * upgrade requires is stated once. The module holds no storage: both
 * OpenZeppelin parents keep theirs in ERC-7201 namespaces, so inheriting it
 * moves no slot in the inheriting contract's layout. It extends the two-step
 * ownable variant so a proposed owner holds nothing until it accepts — the
 * property a Safe or timelock relies on when it takes the role. The
 * inheriting contract initializes the ownable module itself, which is why
 * nothing here calls an initializer.
 *
 * Renouncing the owner is the freeze: after it the row schema is immutable in
 * the physical sense and no upgrade can ever pass again. The CassandraCore
 * does not inherit this module — its upgrade authority is a role, and ending
 * its upgradeability is the default admin's two-step act, described there.
 */
abstract contract OwnerUpgradeable is UUPSUpgradeable, Ownable2StepUpgradeable {
  /**
   * @notice Locks the implementation contract.
   * @dev An implementation that can be initialized directly can be owned by
   * whoever calls its initializer first, and its upgrade entry point invoked
   * from there; disabling initializers on the implementation leaves only the
   * proxy initializable. This is the OpenZeppelin guidance for every UUPS
   * implementation, and nothing but this constructor enforces it — no lint
   * in the pinned toolchain checks for it.
   * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
   */
  constructor() {
    _disableInitializers();
  }

  /**
   * @notice Restricts upgrades to the owner.
   * @dev The owner is the deployer through the wiring and a Safe afterwards,
   * by two-step transfer; who holds it is an operating choice made outside
   * this build. Never substitute another authority for this check — the
   * operator identity in particular is a separate authorization checked on its
   * own. With no owner the check can never pass again, which for a ledger is
   * the freeze.
   * @param _newImplementation Address of the implementation being upgraded to
   */
  function _authorizeUpgrade(address _newImplementation) internal override onlyOwner {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity 0.8.30;

/**
 * @title Controllable interface
 * @notice The surface of a contract that accepts writes from one bound
 * Controller: the view that names it and the two errors the binding raises.
 * @dev Controller is the protocol's term for the CassandraCore as the
 * contracts it writes to see it — the address one of them binds once, at
 * initialization where it is upgradeable and at construction where it is not,
 * which no function changes, and the only one it accepts writes from. The term
 * names the role, not a contract; it is deliberate and it is ABI. The
 * vocabulary is shared by every contract that binds a Controller, so a reader
 * routes the revert the same way whichever raised it — which contract it was
 * is the emitter address, never the error.
 */
interface IControllable {
  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            ERRORS
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
  /**
   * @notice Throws when a Controller-gated write is attempted by any caller
   * other than the bound Controller.
   */
  error Controllable_NotController();

  /**
   * @notice Throws when the module is initialized with the zero address as
   * its Controller — a contract that could never accept a write.
   */
  error Controllable_ZeroController();

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            VIEWS
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
  /**
   * @notice The Controller bound when the contract came to be — the only
   * address allowed to write.
   * @dev Bound once: in the initializer where the contract is upgradeable, in
   * the constructor where it is not. No function changes it, and a later
   * generation is a new contract rather than a rebinding of this one. The
   * module never calls the Controller and holds no interface dependency on
   * it, so reads survive a bricked Controller.
   * @return _controller The bound Controller address.
   */
  function CONTROLLER() external view returns (address _controller);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity 0.8.30;

import {ILedger} from 'interfaces/ledgers/ILedger.sol';

/**
 * @title Forecast ledger interface
 * @notice Append-only ledger of forecast records.
 * @dev What every ledger shares — the proxy-until-freeze posture, the append-only
 * schema rule, the freeze, the generation rule and the ordinal rule — is stated
 * once on the ledger interface this one extends. What follows is specific to
 * forecast rows.
 *
 * The actor field records the verified caller or signer the forecast is
 * attributed to, passed through by the Controller — the ledger's only caller —
 * and is zero on a relayed row, whose forecaster is the identity field. The
 * row keeps the order every row keeps — rule inputs, provenance, content,
 * with the ledger stamp last — but for the two Controller stamps packed
 * beside the height: the second the forecaster is attributed to and the
 * pipeline's identity for the forecaster, placed there so the row stays
 * three slots.
 */
interface IForecastLedger is ILedger {
  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            STRUCTS
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
  /**
   * @notice A forecast: a probability claim against an open question, written
   * by a wallet for itself or relayed by the curator for a forecaster the
   * pipeline identifies.
   * @dev Every permissionless input is fixed-width by construction — raw text
   * from an arbitrary wallet must not enter the irrevocable record, so
   * reasoning content lives in the evidence store under the one commitment
   * rule. A committed hash whose content was never deposited is a defined,
   * labeled state, not an error. The Controller is the sole authoritative
   * range gate for the probability; the range is never clamped inward.
   * @param questionOrdinal Publication ordinal of the forecast question.
   * @param p_bps Probability of a yes outcome in basis points, inclusive zero
   * through ten thousand.
   * @param actor The verified caller or signer the forecast is attributed to
   * — the forecaster; zero when the row was relayed, in which case the
   * forecaster is the identity field.
   * @param reasoningHash Digest of the reasoning content under the one digest
   * rule and the reasoning tag; the zero value means declared absent. This is
   * also the row's extension point: a composite commitment — the digest,
   * under the reasoning tag, of the typed encoding of several fields in a
   * declared order — carries more than reasoning without widening the row.
   * Widening is not on offer: the row's last slot is full, so a fixed-width
   * permissionless row has no free slot left and gaining one would mean a
   * new ledger generation. Such a generation identifies rows by ledger
   * address and ordinal, and continues this sequence rather than restarting
   * it.
   * @param submittedAt The UTC second the forecaster is attributed to, stamped
   * by the Controller: the block second on the direct write, the pipeline's
   * receipt second on the relayed one, which the Controller holds to the
   * question's window — at or after its open, at or before the block second.
   * @param forecasterId The pipeline's opaque identity for the forecaster;
   * zero when the actor acted alone. Sixteen bytes, because eight collide
   * measurably at a hundred million random identities and thirty-two would
   * be a fourth slot.
   * @param appendBlockHeight Block height at append, stamped by the ledger
   * itself, overwriting whatever the caller set. The two Controller stamps
   * above sit beside it in the row's last slot, which the three fill exactly
   * — the two exceptions to the rule-inputs, provenance, content, stamp-last
   * field order every other row keeps, placed there so the row stays three
   * slots.
   */
  struct Forecast {
    uint64 questionOrdinal;
    uint16 p_bps;
    address actor;
    bytes32 reasoningHash;
    uint64 submittedAt;
    bytes16 forecasterId;
    uint64 appendBlockHeight;
  }

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            EVENTS
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
  /**
   * @notice A forecast row was appended.
   * @param _ordinal The minted forecast ordinal.
   * @param _questionOrdinal Publication ordinal of the forecast question.
   * @param _forecasterId The pipeline's identity for the forecaster, zero on a
   * direct write. Duplicated out of the record below into the one remaining
   * topic slot, because a struct member cannot be indexed and this is the
   * only per-forecaster query path the record will ever have at the log
   * layer. The identity takes the slot rather than the actor's address
   * because a relayed row has no actor, and a direct row is rare and indexed
   * by every projection anyway; the first two topics stay the row ordinal and
   * the question ordinal, the convention every ledger shares and every reader
   * keys on.
   * @param _record The full stored record, including the stamped append block
   * height and the two Controller stamps beside it.
   */
  event ForecastAppended(
    uint64 indexed _ordinal, uint64 indexed _questionOrdinal, bytes16 indexed _forecasterId, Forecast _record
  );

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            LOGIC
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
  /**
   * @notice Initializes the proxy with its upgrade authority and its
   * Controller.
   * @dev Replaces the constructor for upgradeable contracts; callable once.
   * The Controller is rejected when zero — a ledger bound to nothing could
   * never accept a write — and the owner is rejected when zero by the ownable
   * module's own error, since an unowned proxy is a frozen one and freezing
   * must be a deliberate later act rather than a deployment slip.
   *
   * The owner is the upgrade authority: the deployer holds it through the
   * wiring, a Safe takes it by two-step transfer, and renouncing it is the
   * freeze.
   * @param _owner The upgrade authority; rejected when zero.
   * @param _controller The Controller allowed to append; rejected when zero.
   */
  function initialize(address _owner, address _controller) external;

  /**
   * @notice Appends a forecast row.
   * @dev Callable only by the bound Controller. The ledger stamps the append
   * block height itself, overwriting whatever the caller set, and validates
   * nothing else — the attributed second and the identity included, which it
   * stores exactly as handed in, as it does the probability.
   * @param _forecast The forecast row to store.
   * @return _ordinal The minted forecast ordinal.
   */
  function appendForecast(Forecast calldata _forecast) external returns (uint64 _ordinal);

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            VIEWS
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
  /**
   * @notice Returns a stored forecast row in full.
   * @dev Explicit full-struct getter, the reader's verification path against
   * the event feed.
   * @param _ordinal The forecast ordinal to read.
   * @return _forecast The stored record.
   */
  function getForecast(uint64 _ordinal) external view returns (Forecast memory _forecast);

  /**
   * @notice Number of forecast rows stored; the highest minted forecast
   * ordinal.
   * @return _count The forecast row count.
   */
  function forecastCount() external view returns (uint64 _count);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity 0.8.30;

import {IControllable} from 'interfaces/IControllable.sol';

/**
 * @title Ledger interface
 * @notice What every append-only ledger shares beyond its Controller binding:
 * the freeze, the generation rule, the ordinal rule, and the one error a
 * getter raises. The row types, their events, their appends and their getters
 * belong to each ledger's own interface, which extends this one.
 * @dev A ledger sits behind a UUPS proxy for the soft launch, and only until
 * the freeze. What that buys and what it costs are both worth stating plainly.
 *
 * While the proxy has an owner, a row schema is **append-only**: a new
 * per-row field arrives as a new top-level mapping keyed by ordinal, never as
 * a struct member. A struct append changes the signature of every append event
 * and the shape of every getter, breaking readers that were written against
 * the old ABI; a new mapping breaks nothing and reads zero for the rows that
 * predate it, where zero means absent. Width changes, removals and reorders
 * were never upgrades and are not becoming them. That is why readers should
 * key events by (ledger address, topic0) from day one.
 *
 * The freeze is `renounceOwnership()` on the proxy: after it the owner is the
 * zero address, `_authorizeUpgrade` can never pass again, and the schema is
 * immutable in the physical sense the protocol's first rule describes. Records
 * survive it untouched and the bound Controller keeps appending.
 *
 * After the freeze a schema change is a new ledger generation — a new
 * deployment the Controller is repointed at, which **continues the ordinal
 * sequence rather than restarting it**, so a row is identified by ledger
 * address and ordinal together. That rule is written down here and nowhere
 * enforced: generation one takes no starting-ordinal argument, because the
 * argument belongs to the generation that needs it. For the same reason no
 * initializer is declared here — each ledger's own interface declares the
 * initializer its generation takes.
 *
 * Ordinals are minted per row type, start at one, and zero is the null
 * cross-record reference throughout. The ledger validates nothing about the
 * meaning of a record; rules live in the Controller. Nothing here can mutate a
 * record after append.
 */
interface ILedger is IControllable {
  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            ERRORS
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
  /**
   * @notice Throws when a getter is asked for an ordinal that was never
   * minted, including zero — the null cross-record reference no record ever
   * occupies.
   */
  error Ledger_UnknownOrdinal();
}